|
Callimachus or Callimachos ((ギリシア語:Καλλίμαχος)) was the Athenian polemarch at the Battle of Marathon at 490 BC. According to Herodotus he was from the Attica deme of Afidnes.〔(Herodotus Book 6: Erato, 109 ) "the polemarch was Callimachos of the deme of Aphidnai"〕 == The Battle of Marathon == (詳細はstrategoi'', the generals, such as Miltiades. Miltiades convinced Callimachus to vote in favour of a battle when the ''strategoi'' were split evenly on the matter. Miltiades said to Callimachus, just before the polemarch cast his vote: “Everything now rests on you.” At the battle, Callimachus commanded the right wing of the Athenian army, since the Athenians had a custom at that time that the polemarch should command the right wing.〔(Herodotus Book 6: Erato, 111 ) "On the right wing the polemarch Callimachos was leader (for the custom of the Athenians then was this, that the polemarch should have the right wing)"〕 The right and left wings (the left wing commanded by the Plataeans) surrounded the Persians after a seemingly suicidal charge by the centre line. Although the Greeks were victorious, Callimachus was killed. He was killed during the retreat of the Persians while he was chasing them to their ships.〔(Herodotus Book 6: Erato, 114 ) "In this part of the work was slain the polemarch Callimachos after having proved himself a good man,..."〕 Plutarch, in his work: ''Moralia. Greek and Roman Parallel Stories'' mention that Callimachus was pierced with so many spears that, even when he was dead, he continuing to be in a upright posture.〔( Plutarch, Moralia. Greek and Roman Parallel Stories ) "Callimachus was pierced with so many spears that, dead though he was, he stood upright"〕 There was a custom at Athens that the father of the man who had the most valorous death in a battle should pronounce the funerary oration in public. So, after the battle of Marathon, the father of Callimachus and the father of Cynaegirus had an argument about who of their sons were the bravest. Polemon of Laodicea declaimed first on behalf of Cynaegirus and then on behalf of Callimachus. In addition, he was portrayed among the Athenian gods and heroes at the wall‐paintings on the Stoa Poikile and, also, Athenians erected a statue in honor of Callimachus, the "Nike of Callimachus". According to some sources, Callimachus, before the battle, promised that if the Greeks win, he would sacrifice to Artemis Agrotera as many goats as the Persian who would be killed at the battlefield. Athenians kept his promise, in spirit, and every year sacrificed 500 goats, because they didn't have enough goats for every single Persian who was killed at the battle (6,400). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Callimachus (polemarch)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|